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 IndexOur GalaxyStars
Supergiants, Redgiants
the stars of large luminosity, are located on the Hertzsprung-Rassel diagram above the Main sequence
 
Giants
the stars of 50-200 solar luminosity
 
Subgiants
the stars of 5-50 solar luminosity
 
Main sequence stars
the stars of diagonal band of Hertzsprung-Rassel diagram, include more than 90% of stellar population
 
Subdwarfs
the helium burning stars
 
White dwarfs
the stars of the Earth's size but of mass about equal to that of the Sun
 
Variable stars
the stars changing their brightness
 
Binary stars
the systems of two stars
 
Multiple-star systems
the systems of more than two stars
 
Radio stars
the stars producing burst of emission in the radio band
 
Infrared stars
the stars which are bright in the infrared band
 
X-ray stars
the stars radiating beams in the X-ray band
 
Collapsed stars
one of the possible end-life of stars when the star own gravity completely overwhelms all other forces
 
Black holes
the celestial objects with enormous gravity field. its escape velocity is greater than the velocity of light
 
White holes
the objects with backward time flow, probably such kind of celestial objects does not actually exist in nature
 
Neutron stars
the stars consisting of the matter of enormous dense such that no atomic nucleus can exist. This matter consists mainly of neutrons
 
Star has magnetic personality - Astronomy Magazine article
A dwarf star with a magnetic personality and a hot spot covering half its surface area is showing astronomers that life as a cool dwarf is not necessarily as simple and quiet as they once assumed.
 
NASA Astronomers Find Bizarre Planet-Mass Object Orbiting Neutron Star
Using NASA?s Swift and Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) satellites, astronomers have discovered one of the most bizarre planet-mass objects ever found.
 
What Makes Stars Shine?
Some section: Stars Are Nuclear Furnaces: The Sun Gets its Energy from the Fusion of Hydrogen: The Fusion of Helium and Heavier Elements. Images.
 
Do Stars Shine Forever?
Sections: Stars Do Not Shine Forever: How Long Do Stars Shine? Image.
 
Stars page at the University of Michigan
Just the facts and links to Star Statistics, All Star Gallery, Potraits of stars and their constellations, etc.
 
Star Journey: The Heavens - Star Chart @ nationalgeographic.com
An electronic edition of star chart "The Heavens" enriched by 39 images from the HST.
 
Stars information from Leicester University Educational Guide to Space and Astronomy
Introduction. The nature of stars. Distances to the stars. The size of stars. Colours, temperatures, twinkles.
 
The Brightest Stars
Observers Handbook 1996. The 314 stars brighter than apparent magnitude 3.55 in both hemispheres are listed with 1996.5 positions.
 
Stars and Constellations
Just the links.
 
Stars Beyond Maturity
Stellar Evolution Beyond the Main Sequence: After Hydrogen Burning, Heavyweight Stars, Lightweight Stars.
 
Measuring Stars
Introduction to basic properties of stars like spectra, composition and luminosity from the online astronomy course by Western Nebraska Community College.
 
The Nearest Stars: A Guided Tour
Article from Teachers' Newsletter "The Universe in the Classroom".
 
The life of a star
Page about stars by CyberSpace.
 
Unstable Disks Around Stars May Harbor Clues to Planetary Origins
An article by Julie Wakefield.
 
NOAO Image Gallery: Stars
Descriptions and images of many of various stars in multiple resolutions.
 
Sea and Sky: Stars
Stars types and life cycle description with images by Sea and Sky.
 
Rotating Stars in Relativity
Article by Nikolaos Stergioulas at Living Reviews in Relativity website.
 
Stellar Properties
Online lecture by James Schombert at the University of Oregon website on basic star properties.
 
Closest Stars
The 30 Closest Stars list from National Maritime Museum/Royal Greenwich Observatory.
 
Where does the energy of the stars come from ?
An article at "Knowing the universe and its secrets" website.
 
Stellar Populations
Online lecture by James Schombert at the University of Oregon website on origin of our Galaxy structure.
 
Stars
An illustrated article on stars evolution and structure by Dan Berger at Bluffton College website.
 
The nature of the stars
Non-technical review of stars and their nature for the beginner by James Kaler. Their classification, evolution, composition and spectra.
 
The Top 10 Stars
A list at the "Catching the Light" astrophotography website by Jerry Lodriguss.
 
VLT Images - Stars
Images of several stars taken with ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) at the Paranal Observatory (Atacama, Chile) - world's largest optical telescope.
 
The Multiwavelength Milky Way
These pages bring together several data sets to visualize images of our Milky Way galaxy in various wavelength regions. This service is provided by the Astrophysics Data Facility (ADF) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).
 
Durrell - Intracluster Stars & Planetary Nebulae
Introduction to intracluster stars research from Patrick R. Durrell.
 
XX Marks the Spot
Current Science at NOAO: The largest starspot ever seen was discovered recently on the Coude Feed telescope.
 
The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations
Deep exposed and highly resolved color photographies show stars down to twelfth magnitude. All photographs taken by Till Credner and Sven Kohle.
 
Contents -- Stellar Properties
An introduction to properties of stars at the Astronomy Notes website by Nick Strobel.
 
Constellation List
The site by Arnold V. Lesikar provides constellation diagrams along with the historical information behind constellation names.
 
Unusual and extreme stars
Unusual stars images and information from Anglo-Australian Observatory.
 
Energy Production in Stars
Introduction to energy production in stars from the University of Tennessee's Dept. Physics & Astronomy.
 
Helio- and Asteroseismology
Introduction to helioseismology and asteroseismology at the website of Aarhus University, Denmark.
 
Observational Mishaps
This webpage contains an image database of astronomical observations (as of this revision: only photometry) which exhibit problems one might encounter during observing runs. These problems include everything from common occurences, such as bad seeing and dust grains on the dewar window or filters, to somewhat more eccentric issues, such as the failure of primary mirror support or insects in the lightpath. Compiled by astronomers from the University of Michigan.
 
California & Carnegie Planet Search
A website dedicated to the search of planets outside our Solar System. Includes a list of known exoplanets, latest news and links to related publications.
 
Magnitudes and distance
For those who really want to understand the details, this primer describes the magnitude system and derives all of the equations relating magnitudes to distances. A webpage by the Northwestern University.
 
Stars - Birth to Death
How do stars form? Why do they not evolve identically? When and how do stars die? An online astronomy lecture by Aeree Chung and Ben Johnson from Columbia University Astronomy and Astrophysics Department.
 
Galactic Center
Images of stars at the center of the Milky Way galaxy by the National Radio Astronomy Observatory.
 
Why do stars twinkle?
An answer by "Ask an Astronomer" at Cornell University.
 
Astronomy HyperText Book: Fusion Sequences in Stars
Animations of thermonuclear fusion sequences in stars by the Electronic Universe Project at the University of Oregon website.
 
Chandra :: Photo Album :: Images by Category: Normal Stars/Star Clusters
Chandra's images of normal stars & star clusters. Stellar coronas, clusters of stars and hot gas produced by outflow from young stars.
 
Ex astra: Life from the Stars. Organic chemistry amidst the stars
How many planets have the necessary ingredients and the right conditions for life? An article by astrobiology.com discusses life's chemistry.
 
All-Sky Milky Way Panorama
High-resolution digital images by Axel Mellinger.
 
Stars
Introduction to stars, their classification and evolution. Star Magnitudes. Stellar Models. A Review of the Universe website - Structures, Evolutions, Observations, and Theories
 
Hawaiian Astronomical Society - Deepsky Atlas
The Hawaiian Astronomical Society Storybook and Deepsky Atlas is a long term effort to provide a good online atlas of the heavens, combined with photographs of significant objects, and their descriptions.
 
Neutrinos Reveal Star's Inner Secrets
Physical Review Focus article on using neutrino detectors for proto-neutron star research.
 
How Do Stars Form and Evolve?
An article by NASA's Science Mission Directorate.
 
Guide Star Catalog
The Guide Star Catalog II (GSC II) is an all-sky catalog based on 1" resolution scans of the photographic Sky Survey plates, at two epochs and three bandpasses, from the Palomar and UK Schmidt telescopes.
 
Astronomy Answers: AstronomyAnswerBook: Stars
This page by Dr. Louis Strous from the Utrecht University answers questions about stars.
 
Frequently Asked Questions About Stars
Compiled by Dr. John Simonetti of the Department of Physics at Virginia Tech.
 
Star
Information on stars by Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
 
Stellar Structure
Introduction to stellar structure and composition by Chris Clowes.
 
Flattest Star Ever Seen
Recent observations with the VLT Interferometer (VLTI) at the ESO Paranal Observatory have allowed a group of astronomers [1] to obtain by far the most detailed view of the general shape of a fast-spinning hot star, Achernar (Alpha Eridani), the brightest in the southern constellation Eridanus (The River).
 
The FAST Stellar Spectral Atlas by Perry Berlind
This spectral atlas contains a sample of the standard spectral type stars, peculiar stars, variable stars, and some special stars.
 
Brown dwarfs may rival the number of all normal stars in our galaxy - Astronomy Magazine news article
After decades of searching, astronomers discovered the first definite brown dwarf only 10 years ago. Now, a new analysis of Hubble Space Telescope data implies our galaxy has almost as many of these failed stars as it does normal stars like the Sun.
 
Buying Star Names or Naming Stars after People, or 'Selling' Property on Other Planets
Layman's Guide to Naming Stars by the International Astronomical Union.
 
The Properties of Stars
An online lecture at the Ohio State University website by professor Barbara Ryden.
 
First Stars Found? Not Yet - Astronomy Magazine article
The chemical composition of the two earliest known stars suggests they were seeded by a still earlier generation of supernovae.
 
Extrasolar Portal: "The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia"
Interactive catalog and other resources related to extrasolar planets search and their properties. Maintained by Jean Schneider of Paris Observatory.
 
Surface imaging of Betelgeuse with COAST and the WHT
Images of features ("hotspots") on the surface of the Betelgeuse made using the Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope (COAST).
 
On Stars, Their Evolution and Their Stability
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar – Nobel Lecture.
 
Stars
Introduction to stars including their images and spectra, provided by NASA's High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center.
 
How did Max Planck measure the diameter of a Star?
An article from Canopus Newsletter, provided by Johannesburg Centre, Astronomical Society of Southern Africa.
 
ISO Stellar Results Gallery
Star images and spectra provided by ESA's Infrared Space Observatory.
 
ESO HST Guide Star Catalogue
The Online HST Guide Star Catalogue (GSC) Server at the ESO/ST-ECF Archive provides access to the all-sky astrometric and photometric catalogue from the set of two CD-ROMs produced by the Space Telescope Science Institute through its Catalogs and Surveys Branch.
 
Astronomy Lecture Notes - General Properties of Stars
A brief introduction to stars properties at the website of the University of Mississippi.
 
Notable stars
A list of individual stars from the Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight by David Darling.
 
The lifes of a star
Articles on stars evolution from a physics course lecture notes by Jose Wudka.
 
Stars: Photos by NAOJ PR Office
Images of stars from the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan image gallery.
 
Peculiar stars description from the Astronomy Knowledge Base
Peculiar star parameters and properties.
 
NASA - Star
An article about stars by World Book @ NASA.
 
International Team Of Astronomers Discovers Origins Of 'Extreme Helium Stars' - University of Texas at Austin press release
An international group of astronomers has used Hubble Space Telescope to determine the origin of a very unusual and rare type of star.
 
Sloan Digital Sky Survey's SkyServer Basic Science Project - Types of Stars
When astronomers look through their telescopes, they see billions of stars. How do they make sense of all these stars? How do they classify stars into types, and how do they tell which types are common and which are rare? Most importantly, how do they use the star types they see to learn about stars?
 
Astrobiology Magazine :: Hot Topics - Stellar Evolution
Articles on recent discoveries from the Astrobiology Magazine.
 
Standard' star not so standard after all - a New Scientist article
Vega, the second brightest star in the northern sky, is much more complex than once thought, new observations confirm. It rotates far faster and in a different orientation, for example. The findings are important because the star is widely used by astronomers as a calibration target when assessing other stars.
 
NASA's Cosmicopia -- Ask Us -- Stars
NASA scientists answer your questions about cosmic and heliospheric science.
 
Cosmic Evolution - Stellar
Articles on stellar evolution from the Cosmic Evolution website.
 
Stars description from the Astronomy Knowledge Base
General star parameters and properties.
 
NASA's Kepler mission website
The Kepler Mission, a NASA Discovery mission, is specifically designed to survey our region of the Milky Way galaxy to detect and characterize hundreds of Earth-size and smaller planets in or near the habitable zone.
 
Hubble Reveals Two Dust Disks Around Nearby Star Beta Pictoris - Space Telescope Science Institute press release
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has revealed two dust disks circling the nearby star Beta Pictoris. The finding suggests that planets could be forming in two different planes.
 
Star, Stars, Constellations at SPACE.com
What exactly is a star? How does a star form? What are the brightest stars in the sky? How can one most easily locate a star with a telescope? Stars stories, multimedia and news.
 
Stars Too Old to be Trusted? - European Southern Observatory science release
Analysing a set of stars in a globular cluster with ESO's Very Large Telescope, astronomers may have found the solution to a critical cosmological and stellar riddle.
 
Hubble Identifies Stellar Companion To Distant Planet
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has for the first time identified the parent star of a distant planet (system name OGLE-2003-BLG-235L/MOA-2003-BLG-53L) discovered in 2003 through ground-based gravitational microlensing.
 
Parkes finds unexpected 'heartbeats' in star - CSIRO media release
Astronomers using CSIRO's Parkes telescope in eastern Australia have detected radio 'heartbeats' from a star that was not expected to have them.
 
Turning Starlight into Gamma Rays
Extremely high energy gamma rays coming from a region in the constellation Cygnus have stumped astronomers. But in the 23 March Physical Review Letters, researchers propose that the mysterious rays are produced by fast-moving nuclei that give a "double boost" to ultraviolet photons from stars, multiplying their energy one trillion times.
 
To Be Or Not To Be: Is It All About Spinning? - European Southern Observatory science release
Thanks to the unique possibilities offered by ESO's Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), astronomers have solved a 140-year-old mystery concerning active hot stars. They indeed show that the star Alpha Arae is spinning almost on the verge of breaking and that its disc rotates the same way planets do around the Sun.
 
Spitzer spies unique brown dwarf - Astronomy Magazine article
Scientists using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope have imaged a brown dwarf star about 50 times Jupiter's mass, orbiting a Sun-like star with a planet. Never before have astronomers witnessed a union like this.
 
Astronomers Gain Important Insight on How Massive Stars Form - National Radio Astronomy Observatory press release
Astronomers using the National Science Foundation's Very Large Array (VLA) radio telescope have discovered key evidence that may help them figure out how very massive stars can form.
 
Extragalactic Reference Link Catalog (ERLcat )
This is an astrometric catalog, providing positions of 89,422 stars in 398 selected fields of extragalactic reference frame sources.
 
The Naval Observatory Merged Astrometric Dataset (NOMAD)
NOMAD is a simple merge of data from the Hipparcos, Tycho-2, UCAC-2 and USNO-B1 catalogues, supplemented by photometric information from the 2MASS final release point source catalogue. The primary aim of NOMAD is to help users retrieve the best currently available astrometric data for any star in the sky by providing these data in one place.
 
Twin Astrographic Catalog Version 2 (TAC 2.0)
The Twin Astrographic Catalog (TAC) is an astrometric, photographic catalog covering most of the sky between 90 and -18 degrees declination to an average limiting magnitude of about V=11 and B=12. Provided by U.S. Naval Observatory.
 
University of Texas Astronomers Confirm Planets Form from Disks Around Stars
Astronomers at The University of Texas at Austin have gone a long way toward proving that planets are born from disks of dust and gas that swirl around their home stars, confirming a theory posed by philosopher Emmanuel Kant more than two centuries ago.
 
Astrographic Catalogue and AC 2000.2 Home Page
The Astrographic Catalogue was part of the international program designed to photograph and measure the positions of all stars brighter than magnitude 11.0. In total, over 4.6 million stars were observed, many as faint as 13th magnitude.
 
Catalogue of Stellar Diameters (CADARS)
For 9733 stars this catalog lists all values of the apparent and absolute radii from the literature.
 
Nuggets of New Physics - Physical Review Focus article
Physicists discuss techniques for detecting a new class of cosmic compact objects with densities far beyond that in neutron stars and quark stars.
 
PlanetQuest: Exoplanet Exploration
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., has revamped its award-winning PlanetQuest website with improved tools to help users stay on top of the latest discoveries.
 
Landmarks: What Makes the Stars Shine?
APS has put the entire Physical Review archive online, back to 1893. Focus Landmarks feature important papers from the archive.
 
How old are stars? - Astronomy Magazine article
Astronomers have developed a new method for accurately determining the ages of field stars based on their rotational rates.
 
A Map of the Milky Way by Richard Powell
This is a drawing of the Milky Way looking down from above. The evidence for this picture is provided below. The Sun is just one of 200 billion stars in this typical barred-spiral galaxy that is about 90 000 light years in diameter.
 
Weather observed on a star for the first time - New Scientist article
Weather ? caused by the same forces as the weather on Earth ? has been seen on a star for the first time, reveal observations of mercury clouds on a star called Alpha Andromedae.
 
SolStation.com
On-line interactive 3D maps. Learn more about notable nearby stars and interesting objects beyond the Solar Neighborhood.
 
'Blue Needle' Presents New Challenge For Theorists
Astronomers using the W. M. Keck Observatory and NASA?s Hubble Space Telescope to study disks of debris around stars have found one that is extremely lopsided. While scientists are accustomed to finding asymmetrical accumulations of dust and larger bodies around stars, the debris disk around a star known as HD 15115 has a needle-like shape.
 
The Astronomy Nexus: Encyclopedia of Suns
A compendium of information on the stars like our Sun.
 
The Chaotic Genesis of Planets - a Scientific American article
Long viewed as a stately procession to a foregone conclusion, planetary formation turns out to be startlingly chaotic.
 
ROSAT at MPE
Stars images from the X-ray sky with the ROSAT telescope at the website of the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics.
 
A Star with a Comet's Tail
Astronomers have discovered something they've never seen before: a star with a tail like a comet.
 
Astronomers Discover Stars with Carbon Atmospheres - University of Arizona news release
Astronomers have discovered white dwarf stars with pure carbon atmospheres. These stars possibly evolved in a sequence astronomers didn't know before.
 
Moving Stars and Shifting Sands of Presolar History
Meteorites contain tiny grains of minerals cast off from ancient stars before the birth of our own Solar System. These grains tell a story of element formation, motions inside stars, and migration of stars in the Galaxy. An article by Donald D. Clayton at Planetary Science Research Discoveries website.
 
APOD: 2005 December 4 - Proxima Centauri: The Closest Star
What is the closest star to our Sun? It is Proxima Centauri, the nearest member of the Alpha Centauri triple star system.
 
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