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Double Star |
| Double Star is the first mission launched by China to explore the Earth's magnetosphere - the magnetic bubble that surrounds our planet. The mission involves two satellites - TC-1 and TC-2 - each designed, developed, launched, and operated by the Chinese National Space Administration (CNSA). It is planned to synchronise the two Double Star orbits with those of ESA's four Cluster satellites so that all six spacecraft are studying the same region of near-Earth space at the same time. This orbital configuration will enable scientists to obtain simultaneous data on the changing magnetic field and population of electrified particles in different regions of the magnetosphere. |
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GRACE |
| GRACE 1 and GRACE 2 are a pair of American-German (NASA-DLR) identical satellites launched on March 17, 2002. The acronym stands for Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment. The satellites were developed to provide detailed measurements of Earth's gravity field that help scientists better understand the effects gravity has on Earth's global climate change. GRACE monitors the mass and location of water as it moves around on the surface of the Earth, cycling between the land, oceans, and polar ice caps. |
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Mars Odyssey |
| The $300 million Mars Odyssey should become the first spacecraft to visit
Mars since two disastrous failures in 1999. The orbiter was launched on
April 7, 2001 and should reach Mars on October 24, the same year. Odyssey
will collect images that will be used to identify the minerals present in the soils
and rocks on the surface. NASA is hoping that the information collected will
give clues to the planet's climate history and help determine whether life
has ever existed on the Martian surface. The craft carries a suite of
scientific instruments designed to analyse, from orbit, the composition of
the Martian surface, and provide vital information about potential
radiation hazards for future human explorers. During and after its science
mission, the Odyssey orbiter will also support other missions in the Mars
Exploration program. It will provide the communications relay for U.S. and
international landers, including the next mission in NASA\'s Mars Program,
the Mars Exploration Rovers to be launched in 2003. Scientists and
engineers will also use Odyssey data to identify potential landing sites
for future Mars missions.
look at the spacecraft orbit on its way to Mars (ref. JPL data). |
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POES |
| The Polar Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) Program is a cooperative effort between NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the United Kingdom and France. The POES mission is composed of two polar orbiting satellites, which primarily provide long-range weather forecasting. Operating as a pair, these satellites ensure that non-visible data, for any region of the Earth, are no more than six hours old. |
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CLUSTER II |
| On July 16, 2000 first two Cluster II space science spacecraft were launched, which were followed by two more on August 9, 2000. During the two-year mission four Cluster II craft will fly in formation studying the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetic field in three dimensions. Cluster II is a European Space Agency mission with some American contributions to the project. The satellite names were chosen in a contest among peoples of 15 ESA member states. |
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Space Shuttle Program |
| Space Shuttle is a reusable spacecraft, designed for transporting humans and cargo to and from orbit around the earth. Space Shuttle Program was developed and is managed by National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NASA is also responsible for coordinating international and joint projects involving Space Transportation System (NASA's name for the overall Shuttle program).The main constituents of the Space Shuttle system are: an orbiter spacecraft, two solid rocket boosters, an external tank for fuel and oxidizer and three Space Shuttle main engines. |
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INTERBALL |
| INTERBALL is a joint program by Russia, ESA, NASA and Japan. The aim of two satellites INTERBALL is studying effects of the solar-terrestrial interaction in the Earth magnetosphere. |
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METEOSAT |
| The series of meteorological satellites METEOSAT became the first European application program in the space. Since the launch of METEOSAT-1 on November 23, 1977 seven satellites were inserted into a geostationary orbit. Being on this orbit a satellite is located always above the same point of the earth surface, because the satellite's orbital period is equal to 24 hours there, and the orbit's inclination to the geoequator is zero. Three satellites METEOSAT are at present operational: |
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GOES |
| There are normally two US meteorological satellites, GOES-EAST and GOES-WEST, in geostationary orbit over the equator. The former monitors North and South America and most of the Atlantic Ocean, and the latter surveys North America and the Pacific Ocean basin. This program operates for 25 years already, and today it is one of the leading world services for the weather forecasting. The two satellites observe about 60 percent of the Earth's surface at each moment and send images of the upcoming hurricanes, thunderstorms, snowfalls, and just clouds to meteorologists at NOAA (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). The satellites are occasionally exchanged with new ones on expiry of their life-time or failures. Look at this pair. |
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Cassini |
| Now it's good time to download to RedShift the interplanetary orbit of Cassini spacecraft, a joint project of NASA, European Space Agency and Italian Space Agency. This probe was launched about two years ago to study the ringed planet Saturn and its mysterious satellite Titan, but in summer 1999 it came back! On August 18, 1999 the spacecraft passed just 1,2 thousands kilometers from the Earth's surface to perform a so-called "swing-by" maneuver, where the gravity field of our planet, like a giant sling, accelerated Cassini on its long way to the far planet. Earlier, two Venus swing-by were executed and another - Jupiter Swing-by– is scheduled at the end of 2000. This is an excellent scheme of interplanetary flight which saves much fuel ("delta V") and thus allows charging the spacecraft with more scientific payload. Place yourself on the spacecraft which approaches either Venus or Earth, or, at last, Saturn, then lock the target planet as the , and enjoy the fantastic view of a swing-by! Here the Cassini's orbit at different parts of its flight is (ref: JPL data): |
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Planet-B |
| Japanese Planet-B ("Nozomi") mission to Mars began on July 4, 1998. It is designed to study the Martian upper atmosphere and magnetic field of the Red planet. The spacecraft was initially scheduled to reach Mars in 10 months after the launch, but during the trajectory correction maneuver (TCM) on December 20, 1998 a technical problem did not allow to execute the maneuver properly. As a result, it became impossible to perform the initial navigational plan, and it has been changed to minimize the further consumption of fuel rest aboard the spacecraft. The new mission profile developed "in real time" by flight dynamics engineers from ISAS (Sagamaihara, Japan) includes two close approaches of Planet-B to Earth (swing-by) and use of the planet's gravity for "free" accelerating the spacecraft. However, such a reduced fare leads to delay of the spacecraft arrival at Mars till the beginning of 2004. Here the new flight scheme of Planet-B is (ref: ISAS solution): |
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Stardust |
| Stardust spacecraft launched on February 7, 1999 is the first mission to bring back some material from beyond the Moon. The main goal of the mission is to encounter with comet Wild 2 at a low velocity (6.1 km/s), collect samples of the comet medium and deliver them to the Earth. The flight trajectory is unusual to ensure low cost of the mission. The spacecraft circles the Sun two times before reaching the comet on January 2, 2004 and returns to us at the end of the third loop, on January 15, 2006. Check this fantastic flight yourselves and enjoy the RedShift views of encounter with Wild 2 and approach to the Earth! (Ref: NAV JPL solution at NAIF JPL). |
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Mars Climate Orbiter |
| About every two years there is a launch opportunity for missions to Mars. During the December 1998-January 1999 two spacecraft were launched to investigate the Red Planet and its environment. The main goal of the first mission, Mars Climate Orbiter (MCO), was careful studying Martian atmosphere for about one Mars year (687 days). MCO should also provide relay support for the second spacecraft, Mars Polar Lander (MPL) and, likely, for future Mars missions. However, the spacecraft crashed on Mars just after arrival to that planet because of a control error… Mars Climate Orbiter was launched on December 11, 1998. Its interplanetary orbit was of so-called 2nd type, i.e., the spacecraft will take more than 180 degrees around the Sun. Several Trajectory Correction Maneuvers (TCM) will be applied to the MCO to get it to Mars. Download and check its orbit at different parts of its 9 1/2 months' (not "weeks"...) cruise from Earth to Mars (ref: NAV JPL solution at NAIF JPL). |
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Mars Polar Lander |
| Mars Polar Lander was launched on January 3, 1999. It had to reach the Red planet in early December 1999, descend on the Martian surface not far from the planet's South pole (between 75 and 78S), and work there for 90 days, at least. However, like MCO the new probe was lost upon its arrival at Mars. What happens…? The cruise trajectory of MPL is as follows: |
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NEAR |
| At the very beginning of 1999 the spacecraft NEAR (Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous) had to reach the main goal of the mission - asteroid 433 Eros. For the first time in the history of deep space exploration a spacecraft would follow a minor planet over more than one year and study it at extremely close distance (up to few dozens km from the asteroid surface). Unfortunately, on December 20, 1998, just 21 days before the scheduled rendezvous with asteroid Eros, NEAR failed to complete a crucial engine burn and ... NEAR and Eros are now traveling in nearly identical orbits around the Sun but not together. During its cruise the spacecraft flew by another asteroid 253 Mathilde on June 27, 1997 and by the Earth on January 23, 1998. Upload and check the orbit of the spacecraft for its about four years' voyage towards Eros (ref: APL JHU solution of 12/08/1998, JPL solution # 51). |
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Galileo |
| Complement the cruise orbit of Galileo given on your REDSHIFT 3 CD-ROM by sets of the probe orbital elements describing its flight from one Jupiter's moon to another! (ref: JPL solution T-960110). Here they are: |
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DirecTV 7S |
DirecTV 7S is an American geostationary communications satellite that was launched on May 4, 2004. The satellite, that was built by Space Systems/Loral, will provide direct-to-home television service to American homes. It is the second spot-beam satellite in the DirecTV fleet, after DirecTV 4S that was launched in November 2001.
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 30:08:2004 |
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AMC 11 |
AMC 11, also known as GE 11, is an American geostationary communications satellite that was launched on May 19, 2004. The spacecraft was designed and built by Lockheed Martin for SES Americom of Princeton, NJ. The 1.8-ton satellite will be used to provide cable television services to all 50 United States, Mexico and the Caribbean.
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30:08:2004 |
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GSAT 2 |
GSAT 2 is an Indian (ISRO) experimental communication satellite onboard the second developmental test flight of India's Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV). Besides the communication payload, 2000 kg GSAT-2 also carries four scientific payloads which are total radiation dose monitor, surface charge potential monitor, coherent radio beacon experiment and solar X-ray spectrometer. The GSLV is the cornerstone in the Indian Space Research Organization's aspirations to have a "self-reliant" space program, where satellites are both built and launched from Indian soil. GSAT 2 was launched on May 8, 2003.
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25:08:2004 |
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XSS 10 |
XSS 10 is an American microsatellite that was launched on January 29, 2003. XSS (Experimental Small Satellites) are a new class of low-cost satellites developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL). The mission of XSS 10 was to demonstrate maneuvering close to other space vehicles on orbit. During a 24-hour mission, the 28-kilogram satellite successfully maneuvered back and forth within 100 meters of its booster rocket's spent stage.
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25:08:2004 |
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Eutelsat W3A |
Eutelsat W3A is a geostationary communications satellite belonging to Eutelsat consortium, and was launched on March 15, 2004. The 4.4-ton satellite will provide direct-to-home voice, data, and video communications to Europe, Middle East, and Africa. It will replace the Eutelsat W3 satellite. The W3A spacecraft was designed and built by EADS Astrium.
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25:08:2004 |
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Dash |
Dash is a Japanese (ISAS) technology demonstration microsatellite that was launched on February 4, 2002. The 89 kg satellite was to release a 19 kg capsule to test viability of hypersonic re-entry. Dash failed to separate from the payload attach fitting, which is a part of the rocket, and on February 5, 2002 ISAS decided to abort the entire DASH mission.
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25:08:2004 |
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Amazonas |
Amazonas is a Spanish telecommunications satellite that was launched on August 5, 2004. The satellite, which belongs to the Spanish company Hispasat and weighs 10,000 pounds (4,540 kilograms) will be used to provide communications services on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
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11:08:2004 |
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Bilsat 1 |
Bilsat 1 is a Turkish DMC (multinational Diaster Monitoring Constellation) satellite that was launched on September 27, 2003. The 130 kg satellite carries five imaging cameras to monitor natural disasters at a resolution of 26-m in color and another at 12-m resolution in black-and-white. The DMC is run by an organization of seven countries (UK, Algeria, China, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam) with the satellites built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, UK. BILSAT 1 will also help in agriculture and urban planing.
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11:08:2004 |
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Metsat 1 |
Metsat 1 is an Indian (ISRO) meteorological geostationary satellite that was launched on September 12, 2002. Metsat 1 carries a 3-band very high-resolution radiometer, operating in visible, thermal infrared and water vapor bands. Metsat 1 will provide meteorological services for the India Meteorological Department including cyclone warning dissemination services, meteorological data collection and weather imagery on a continuous basis.
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28:07:2004 |
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Fedsat |
Fedsat is an Australian 50 kg microsatellite that was launched on December 14, 2002. It carries communications, navigation, and computing systems and a sensitive magnetometer. With a planned life of three-years, Fedsat is being used to conduct a number of space science, communications, remote sensing and engineering experiments. It is also reported to carry a compact disk carrying voice recordings of 300 Australians as a time capsule enduring its estimated 100-year orbital life-span.
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28:07:2004 |
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Anik F2 |
Anik F2 is the world's largest telecommunications satellite which will provide telecommunications services across North America for the Canadian operator Telesat. The nearly six-tonne satellite was built by Boeing Satellite Systems. It was launched on July 18, 2004.
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21:07:2004 |
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Aura |
Aura is an American (NASA) satellite launched on July 15, 2004. Its mission is to study the Earth's atmosphere, climate change and regional differences in air quality. The satellite carries four instruments that will allow it to study the atmosphere from the troposphere, at sea-level, to the stratosphere, where the ozone layer is located. Aura is the third of three large satellites in NASA's Earth Observing System.
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21:07:2004 |
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Telstar 18 (APStar 5) |
Telstar 18 (APStar 5) is an American communications spacecraft that was launched by a Zenit 3SL rocket from the Odyssey platform floating on the equatorial Pacific Ocean on 29 June 2004. It was intended to be a geostationary satellite, but due to the premature stoppage of the boost from the final DM-SL stage, it ended far below the geostationary orbit - an apogee of only 21000 km instead of 36000 km. First analysis showed, that the spacecraft can be put into a geostationary orbit by its thrusters, possibly even without reduced lifetime. Telstar 18 will replace the aging APStar 1 satellite. It will provide voice, video and data services to China, Hawaii, and East Asia. The new satellite will also be used to provide space-based Internet backbone services for the main cities of Asia to and from the U.S. through Hawaii.
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13:07:2004 |
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Amsat-Echo |
Amsat-Echo is an American amateur radio satellite. It has a launch mass of 12 kg. AMSAT North America sent the satellite to orbit on June 29, 2004. It's the first in a new series of small user-friendly repeater satellites. AMSAT is the non-profit all-volunteer organization dedicated to building, orbiting, and operating amateur radio satellites. Among other capabilities, the 10-inch-square microsatellite - equipped with a transmitter capable of up to 7W output - will allow voice communication using handheld FM transceivers.
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13:07:2004 |
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Unisat 3 |
Unisat 3 (University Satellite) is an Italian research microsatellite designed and assembled by students of La Sapienza University of Rome. Unisat 3 mission is to test solar cells under space conditions. The satellite weighing 12 kg was launched on June 29, 2004.
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07:07:2004 |
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DEMETER |
DEMETER (Detection of Electro-Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) is a French (CNES) microsatellite designed to measure electrical and magnetic signals in the upper atmosphere. These signals may precede, coexist with or succeed seismic or volcanic events on the earth surface. The satellite weighing 125 kg was launched on June 29, 2004.
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07:07:2004 |
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Intelsat 10-02 |
Global communications satellite operator Intelsat launched its largest and most powerful spacecraft Intelsat 10-02 on June 17, 2004. Intelsat 10-02 will relay television programming, offer Internet connectivity and provide a host of other telecommunications services across Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Also, the satellite can reach as far west as the Americas and as far east as India.
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29:06:2004 |
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Fengyun 1D |
Fengyun 1D (meaning Wind and Cloud 1D) is the first-generation meteorological satellite developed by China. It was launched on May 15, 2002. The 428-kg satellite carries an earth imager that will digitally photograph clouds, rivers, and lakes. Fengyun 1D is designed to provide weather forecasting, climate projection, and natural disaster and environmental monitoring.
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29:06:2004 |
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CUBESAT XI-IV |
CUBESAT XI-IV is a Japanese (University of Tokyo) nanosatellite that was launched on June 30, 2003. The mission of this CubeSat satellite is on-orbit verification of the super small satellite (nano-satellite) bus system using commercial-off-the-shell components. It carries an 80 mW beacon at 436.8475 MHz, the operating frequency in the amateur communication band. It is the first satellite of the University of Tokyo Intelligent Space Systems Laboratory (ISSL) where 20 space-engineering students conduct the project as an education program. The satellite is a 10-cm cube weighing 1 kg.
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21:06:2004 |
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CANX 1 |
CANX 1 (Canadian Advanced Nanospace eXperiment 1) is a Canadian photo-imaging nanosatellite that was launched on June 30, 2003. It was built by graduate students of the Space Flight Laboratory (SFL) at University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS). It is Canada's first nanosatellite. CANX 1 is one of the smallest satellites ever built. It has a mass under 1 kg, fits in a 10 cm cube, and operates with less than 2 W of power. Its mission is to evaluate several novel technologies in space, including a low-cost CMOS horizon sensor and star-tracker, active three-axis magnetic stabilization, GPS-based position determination, and an ARM7 central computer.
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21:06:2004 |
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WEOS |
WEOS (Whale Ecology Observation Satellite) is an amateur-made Japanese microsatellite that was launched on December 14, 2002 to monitor whale migrations. The students of the Chiba Institute of Technology, lead by Professor Tomonao Hayashi, developed and manufactured WEOS. Ecological data of whales are sent from probes attached to whales on the ocean to the satellite, which collects the data, stores it in onboard memory, and sends back at a command to a ground station. Satellite tracking and data collection are performed at the Chiba Institute of Technology ground station.
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07:06:2004 |
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ALSAT 1 |
ALSAT 1 is an Algerian imaging minisatellite that was launched on November 28, 2002. The 90-kg satellite is part of an international Disaster Monitoring System (DMS) for alerting natural/man-made disasters. ALSAT 1 is the first spacecraft of Disaster Monitoring Constellation. The spacecraft is the result of international cooperation between Algeria, China, Nigeria, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam. ALSAT-1's imaging payload will provide extremely wide swath (600km) 32-metre multispectral imaging with a four-day revisit capability worldwide. This is Algeria's first national satellite. A follow-on constellation with higher imaging resolution capability will begin launches in 2004.
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07:06:2004 |
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INSAT 3A |
INSAT 3A is an Indian (Indian Space Research Organisation - ISRO) geostationary communications, television broadcasting and weather-monitoring satellite that was launched on April 9, 2003. INSAT 3A is ISRO's biggest satellite and the third satellite in the INSAT-3 series. INSAT 3A also carries a transponder for Satellite Aided Search and Rescue as part of India's contribution to the international SAS & R programme. INSAT 3A is the only geostationary satellite at present, which is providing Geostationary Orbit Satellite Aided Search and Rescue services in this part of the globe, covering Europe to Australia in the Indian Ocean and the Australian regions.
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31:05:2004 |
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ROCSAT-2 |
ROCSAT-2 is Republic of China's remote sensing satellite that was launched on May 20, 2004. The spacecraft was built for Taiwan's National Space Program Office (NSPO) by EADS Astrium. ROCSAT-2 is a 750 kg panchromatic and multispectral remote sensing satellite that will observe and monitor the terrestrial and marine environment of Taiwan and surrounding waters. The satellite also carries an instrument to observe lightning in the Earth's upper atmosphere.
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31:05:2004 |
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Quickbird 2 |
Quickbird 2 is an American, privately-owned earth-imaging satellite that was launched on October 18, 2001. EarthWatch Inc. uses the craft to take the highest resolution images of Earth's surface available on the commercial market. Quickbird 2 is able to generate black and white pictures that show objects as small as two feet across and color images with 2.5-meters resolution.
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17:05:2004 |
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Coriolis |
Coriolis is an American (DoD) spacecraft that was launched on January 6, 2003. Its two instruments are SMEI to image Solar Mass Ejections (SME) and WindSat. WindSat is a joint Department of Commerce/DoD/NASA risk reduction demonstration project intended to measure ocean surface wind speed and wind direction from space using a polarimetric radiometer. SMEI is a major payload. Its purpose is to demonstrate predictions of geomagnetic disturbances through continuous observation of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs).
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17:05:2004 |
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CBERS 2 |
CBERS 2 (China Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) is a Sino-Brazilian remote sensing satellite that was launched on October 21, 2003. The 1.6-ton satellite will collect data relevant to environment, agriculture, urban planning and water pollution, under Chinese control for 18 months, and later under Brazilian control during the remaining lifetime (of six or more months). Data and photos transmitted by the satellite can be used in a various fields, such as disaster-prevention and monitoring of geological, oceanic and meteorological conditions. CBERS 2 fills the role left open by CBERS 1, which was taken out of operation in August 2003, having almost doubled its design life since its launch in October 1999.
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11:05:2004 |
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IRS P6 |
IRS P6, also known as RESOURCESAT 1, is an Indian remote sensing and photo-imaging spacecraft that was launched on October 17, 2003. It is a follow-on satellite for earth observation that will provide continuity to IRS-1C and 1D and will enhance the service capabilities in the areas of agriculture, disaster management, land and water resources with better resolution imagery. IRS-P6 is the tenth satellite of the IRS series, and carries three cameras similar to those of IRS-1C and IRS-1D but with improved spatial resolutions.
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11:05:2004 |
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Gravity Probe B |
Gravity Probe B is a NASA-funded, Stanford University developed spacecraft designed to test two fundamental predictions made by Albert Einstein about the Universe. Inside the satellite are four gyroscopes whose movement could confirm - or not confirm - the theoretical underpinnings of modern physics. Each of the gyroscopes - which are small balls of fused quartz - is cooled and spun by jets of liquid helium at a temperature of 450 degrees below zero. Scientists will be trying to measure space and time warping due to the mass of an object in space and an effect which is called "frame-dragging". The satellite was launched on April 21, 2004.
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11:05:2004 |
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OrbView-3 |
OrbView-3 is an American photo-imaging minisatellite that was launched on June 26, 2003. ORBIMAGE’s OrbView-3 satellite is among the world’s first commercial satellites that provide high-resolution imagery from space. The 304-kg satellite carries high-resolution cameras to enable black-and-white images at 1.0-meter resolution and color images at 4.0 meter resolution.
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11:05:2004 |
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Aqua |
Aqua (previously named EOS PM-1) is a major American (NASA) hydrology satellite that was launched on May 4, 2002. It carries six instrument packages to study the global water cycle in the oceans, ice caps, land masses and the atmosphere. The Aqua mission is a part of the NASA-centered international Earth Observing System (EOS). Aqua is the sister satellite to NASA's Terra spacecraft, launched in December of 1999. Aqua satellite serves to improve weather forecasting, especially mid-range forecasts that go out two or more days.
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26:04:2004 |
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SPOT 5 |
SPOT 5 is a French (CNES) earth-imaging three-ton satellite that was launched on May 4, 2002. Its planar and stereoscopic relief images at about three-meter resolution are marketed for civilian and military uses, for cartographic, and vegetation analyses. SPOT 5 is the fifth satellite in the SPOT series. The new satellite is designed to ensure SPOT data users continuity of service, enhanced image quality and improved services. The satellite will provide digital elevation models (DEMs) of any location on Earth, allowing customers to create realistic 3D perspectives.
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26:04:2004 |
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MSG 1 |
MSG 1 (Meteosat Second Generation 1) is a European geostationary weather satellite that was launched on August 28, 2002. The cylindrical, 2-ton satellite will enable quicker and more accurate weather forecasts in Europe than in the past. It carries two major instruments. MSG 1 is the first in a series of Meteosat Second Generation spacecraft. Designed and built by the European Space Agency on behalf of the European Organisation for Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), MSG-1 will not only improve forecasts of severe weather, but also enhance our understanding of global climate change. At present three satellites are planned. Each satellite will have a nominal seven-year lifetime.
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19:04:2004 |
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Envisat 1 |
Environmental Satellite (EnviSat) 1 is an European (ESA) environmental remote-sensing spacecraft that was launched on March 1, 2002. The 8.1-ton spacecraft is the most massive and expensive of the European satellites, and carries 10 sensors which provide measurements of the atmosphere, ocean, land, and ice. The Envisat satellite works closely together with the European Artemis data relay satellite. EnviSat 1 is the successor to the ESA Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2.
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19:04:2004 |
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Jason 1 |
Jason 1 is an American-French (NASA-CNES) oceanography mission to monitor global ocean circulation, discover the tie between the oceans and atmosphere, improve global climate predictions, and monitor events such as El Niño conditions. It is the first follow-on to the highly successful TOPEX/Poseidon mission that measured ocean surface topography to an accuracy of 4.2 cm. The satellite carries five instruments (an altimeter, a radiometer, and three location systems). It was launched on December 7, 2001.
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12:04:2004 |
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TES |
TES (Technology Experiment Satellite) is an Indian remote sensing and photoreconnaissance satellite that was launched on October 22, 2001. The 1,108-kg satellite carries a one-meter resolution panchromatic camera. The satellite is operated by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). India is the second country in the world after the USA that can offer images with one-metre resolution. TES might be the prototype of an Indian military reconnaisance satellite.
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12:04:2004 |
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QuakeSat |
QuakeSat is a privately funded small satellite project to detect earthquakes from outer space. The three primary mission objectives for the QuakeSat Nano-Sat are: 1) To detect, record, and downlink earthquake ELF (extremely low frequency) emission data, 2) Demonstrate that the CubeSat Nano-Sat design is a cost-effective platform for conducting significant space science research experiments, 3) Demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing commercially-off-the-shelf (COTS) parts to construct a reliable, short mission micro-satellite. The CubeSat design was developed jointly by Stanford University and California Polytechnic State University and represents a standardized form factor for small satellites. QuakeSat was launched on June 30, 2003.
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05:04:2004 |
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KAISTSAT 4 |
KAISTSAT 4, also known as STSat-1 (Science and Technology Satellite-1), is science and technology demonstration satellite, the first scientific space mission for the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology of South Korea. KAISTSAT 4 was launched on September 27, 2003. The craft will spend a year conducting a full-sky survey in the far ultraviolet wavelength, followed the next year by individual observations of locations in the sky that are of particular interest to astronomers. UC Berkeley built SPEAR instrument, the Spectroscopy of Plasma Evolution from Astrophysical Radiation sensor, is the primary payload on KAISTSAT 4.
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05:04:2004 |
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SCISAT 1 |
SCISAT 1 spacecraft carrying the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is the first Canadian scientific satellite since 1971. The principal goal of the ACE mission is to investigate the chemical processes that are involved in the distribution of ozone in the atmosphere. The ACE mission will work in conjunction with other instruments and missions planned by NASA, the European Space Agency, and other international partners over the next decade to gain a better understanding of the chemistry and dynamics of the atmosphere that affect the Earth’s protective ozone layer. SCISAT 1 was launched on August 13, 2003.
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29:03:2004 |
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ICESat |
The main objective of the ICESat (Ice, Clouds, and Land Elevation Satellite) mission is to measure ice sheet elevations and changes in elevation through time. Secondary objectives include measurement of cloud and aerosol height profiles, land elevation and vegetation cover, and sea ice thickness. ICESat will enable scientists to study the Earth's climate and, ultimately, predict how ice sheets and sea level will respond to future climate change. The ICESat mission is unique because the laser altimeter measures the changes in ice thickness over million of locations in both Greenland and Antarctica, helping fill fundamental gaps in our understanding of sea level forecasting. ICESat is the latest in a series of NASA's Earth observation spacecraft designed to study the environment of our home planet and how it may be changing. ICESat was launched on January 12, 2003.
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29:03:2004 |
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MOST |
The smallest astronomical space telescope ever was launched by Canada. The tiny telescope will rely on new technology to keep the microsatellite stable enough for useful astronomy. The primary objective of the MOST (Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars Microsatellite) mission is long-duration stellar photometry of high precision. The 51-kg satellite carries a 60-cm aperture reflecting telescope, which will observe individual stars for up to seven weeks, looking for tiny changes in brightness that give clues to their composition and age. The telescope will also look for dimming caused by orbiting planets passing in front of the stars, and might see light reflected off of the planets.MOST satellite was launched on June 30, 2003.
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22:03:2004 |
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GALEX |
GALEX (The Galaxy Evolution Explorer) is an orbiting space telescope that will observe galaxies in ultraviolet light across 10 billion years of cosmic history. GALEX is the first ultraviolet survey mission of the Universe. It is a NASA small explorer class mission. GALEX was launched on April 28th, 2003.
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22:03:2004 |
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SORCE |
The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) is a NASA-sponsored satellite mission that provides state-of-the-art measurements of incoming x-ray, ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and total solar radiation. The measurements provided by SORCE specifically address long-term climate change, natural variability and enhanced climate prediction, and atmospheric ozone and UV-B radiation. These measurements are critical to studies of the Sun; its effect on the Earth system; and its influence on humankind. The SORCE spacecraft was launched on January 25, 2003. With four instruments, it will orbit Earth 15 times a day and study and measure the sun’s radiative output.
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15:03:2004 |
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CHIPSAT |
The Cosmic Hot Interstellar Plasma Spectrometer (CHIPS) is a University-Class Explorer (UNEX) mission funded by NASA. The CHIPS instrument is carried in space aboard CHIPSat, a dedicated spacecraft built by SpaceDev, Inc. The mission will provide information about the origin, physical processes and properties of the hot gas contained in the interstellar medium. The spacecraft was launched on January 12, 2003.
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15:03:2004 |
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International Space Station |
Now the 8th permanent crew composed of one American and one Russian works at the station. The crew will work until April 2004. Twenty flights, which include 16 space shuttle missions, have already occurred in the International Space Station era. During last three years the following elements were added
to the station: station's robot arm, Russian Docking Compartment, Mobile Base System, S0, S1 and P1 Trusses.
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03:03:2004 |
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ADEOS 2 |
The ADvanced Earth Observing Satellite 2 (ADEOS-2) Mission is a joint international cooperative program like its predecessor, ADEOS-1. With a 3-year operational life, the mission was planned to support
the monitoring of global environmental changes while continuing and furthering the broad-ranging observation technology created by ADEOS-1. Among the research areas, ADEOS-II was particularly dedicated to water and energy cycling and carbon cycling.
ADEOS 2, also known as MIDORI 2 was launched on December 14, 2002. On October 25, 2003 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) announced that the contact with the ADEOS 2 satellite has been lost.
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08:03:2004 |
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USERS |
USERS (Unmanned Space Experiment Recovery System) is a Japanese microgravity experimental satellite that was
launched on September 10, 2002. The USERS spacecraft system consists of a Reentry Module (REM), a capsule that returns to Earth carrying equipment bearing the results of experiments conducted in orbit,
and the Service Module (SEM), which provides REM with various resources and services in orbit. The objectives of the USERS project are (1) to develop and test Japan’s first technology for autonomous
return from orbit, reentering Earth’s atmosphere and landing safely on the ground, (2) to conduct crystal growth experiments on high-temperature superconductive materials under the microgravity
environment of orbit and study the crystal growth mechanisms necessary for future production on Earth, (3) to study how commercial off-the-shelf parts and technologies function in space and gain the knowledge
needed for the construction of the “advanced satellite bus.” The Reentry Module loaded with made-in-space
superconductive material returned to Earth on May 30, 2003.
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08:03:2004 |
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CORONAS-F |
CORONAS-F (also known as KORONAS-F, and AUS-SM-KF) is a Russian solar observatory that was launched by a Tsiklon 3 rocket from Plesetsk on July 31, 2001. The 2,260-kg (with fuel) spacecraftwill be pointing toward the Sun within 10 arc-minutes to conduct a variety of observations. It carries X-ray monitors to locate sources within 1 arcsec, radio receivers to measure flux and polarization, and particle counters. The scientific goal of the project is to conduct complex research of the powerful dynamic processes of the solar activity in the broad range of spectrum from radio to gamma rays. Nine countries are taking part in the project, including USA. A similar version of this observatory, CORONAS-I was launched in 1994, but its functionality was crippled by an orientation control failure a few months after launch. Nominal mission duration - more than 1 year (ref: NORAD data).
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04:09:2001 |
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Odin |
On February 20, 2001 Swedish Odin spacecraft was launched. The 550-pound satellite combines two scientific disciplines on a single spacecraft in studies of star formation/early solar system (astronomy) and of the mechanisms behind the depletion of the ozone layer in the earth atmosphere (aeronomy). The spacecraft was developed by the Swedish Space Corporation (SSC) on behalf of the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB) and thespace agencies of Canada (CSA), Finland (TEKES) and France (CNES). The main instrument on Odin is an advanced radiometer, called SMR (Sub Millimetre Reciever), using a 1.1 m telescope, which will be used for both the astronomy and aeronomy missions. For the aeronomy mission the payload is complemented by a spectrograph, named OSIRIS (Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System). The satellite is to spend at least two years in orbit (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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SAC-C |
The SAC-C spacecraft, launched on November 21, 2000, is Argentina’s first Earth Observation Satellite and the third in a series of science-oriented space missions within Argentina’s Space Program. The mission is a joint effort between Argentina, the United States, Brazil, Denmark, France and Italy. With its 11 instruments SAC-C will study the influences on Earth from the Sun, as well as our planet's environment and ecology (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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Earth Observing-1 |
On November 22nd, 2000 NASA's Earth Observing-1 spacecraft was launched. EO-1 mission is the first of three New Millennium Program Earth-orbiting missions. The EO missions will develop and validate instruments and technologies, that could be employed by the next generation of Landsat-type remote sensing craft. EO-1 will be inserted into an orbit flying in formation with the Landsat 7 satellite taking a series of the same images. Comparison of these "paired scene" images will be one means to evaluate EO-1's land imaging instruments (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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HETE-2 |
The HETE-2, launched on October 9, 2000, is a cooperative mission between NASA and a consortium of institutions from USA, France, Italy and Japan. The High Energy Transient Explorer is a small scientific satellite designed to detect and localize gamma-ray bursts. A unique feature of the mission will be its capability to localize bursts with several arcsecond accuracy, in near real-time aboard the spacecraft. These positions will be distributed to interested ground-based observers, enabling sensitive follow-up studies (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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CHAMP |
On July 15, 2000 CHAMP (CHAllenging Microsatellite Payload) spacecraft was launched. CHAMP, built by Dornier Satellitensysteme for the German research institute GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, will study the Earth's gravity and magnetic fields simultaneously at high resolution, something never before accomplished. Geophysicists hope to use the data from CHAMP to measure variability in the fields over time during CHAMP's five-year mission (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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Zvezda |
After more than two years of delays the key module of the International Space Station was launched. Russian Zvezda service module includes the life support systems and living quarters to enable the station to be occupied. It will also handle guidance and navigation of the station until Destiny, the American laboratory module, will be launched next year. Docking with ISS is scheduled for July 25 (ref: NASA JSC data).
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24:07:2000 |
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TIMED |
The 2-year TIMED (Thermosphere - Ionosphere - Mesosphere - Energetics and Dynamics) mission is studying the influences of the sun and humans on the least explored and understood region of Earth's atmosphere - the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere/Ionosphere (MLTI). The MLTI region is a gateway between Earth's environment and space, where the sun's energy is first deposited into Earth's environment. TIMED is focusing on a portion of this atmospheric region located approximately 40-110 miles (60-180 kilometers) above the surface. TIMED was launched on December 7, 2001. The TIMED spacecraft is the initial mission in NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes Program, part of NASA's initiative to lower mission costs and provide more frequent access to space to systematically study the sun-Earth system.
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03:03:2004 |
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RHESSI |
HESSI (High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager), renamed to RHESSI (Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager) was launched on February 5, 2002. RHESSI's primary mission is to explore the basic physics of particle acceleration and the explosive energy release in solar flares. Since its launch on February 5, 2002, RHESSI has observed over 8,000 solar activity events. Mission managed by the NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center and the University of California, Berkeley. RHESSI has obtained many
"first time" observations of solar processes. RHESSI is the sixth Small Explorer (SMEX) mission and the first to be managed in the "principal investigator" mode.
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03:03:2004 |
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Fengyun 2 |
On June 26, 2000 China successfully launched a meteorological satellite. The satellite, named Fengyun 2, is the second geostationary meteorological satellite launched by China and is an improved version of a satellite launched in 1997. The satellite is expected to play a crucial role in helping improve medium- and long-term weather forecasts and in monitoring the ecological environment in western China. The satellite has a designed life span of three years (ref: Xinhua News Agency news release, NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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IMAGE |
On March 25, 2000 the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) spacecraft was launched. IMAGE is NASA mission to study the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetic field. IMAGE is the first of NASA's medium-class Explorer (MIDEX) space science missions, a program similar to the Discovery program of low-cost planetary science missions. With its four 820-foot wire antennas deployed the probe will be the longest artificial object in space (ref: NASA GSFC news release, NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) |
A Department of Energy research satellite designed and built at Sandia National Laboratories was launched on March 12, 2000. The Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) spacecraft includes a sophisticated telescope that collects day and night ground images in 15 spectral bands, testing technologies that could be used on future imaging satellites for science as well as weapons treaty verification. The satellite also carries a High-energy X-ray Spectrometer (HXRS), a joint project of the U.S. and the Czech Republic, that will study a type of solar flare that can endanger astronauts and damage space equipment (ref: Sandia National Laboratories news release, NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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KOMPSAT |
On December 21, 1999 Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT) was launched. Its Instruments include a camera that will provide images that will be used to create digital elevation maps of the country, a multispectral imager to return data on biological changes in the oceans, and a sensor to study the Earth's ionosphere and the effect of radiation on electronics in space (ref: Korea Aerospace Research Institute, NORAD data ).
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01:04:2001 |
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ACRIMSAT |
On December 21, 1999 ACRIMSAT satellite was launched. ACRIMSAT spacecraft carries the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM) III instrument, which is the third in a series of long-term solar-monitoring tools built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Scientists involved with the project hope to measure small changes in the solar irradiance that may be linked to climatic changes on Earth (ref: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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Terra |
On December 18, 1999 Terra satellite - joint US, Canadian and Japanese earth observation mission - was launched. Terra, formerly known as EOS AM-1, is the first in a series of ten spacecraft to be launched in the next decade to study the Earth and its environment from orbit as part of NASA's Earth Observing System (ref: NASA’s EOS Project Science Office, NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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XMM |
On December 10, 1999 European Space Agency's X-ray Multi-Mirror satellite (XMM) was launched. XMM is the most powerful X-ray telescope ever placed in orbit, and the largest science satellite ever built in Europe. The satellite's highly eccentric orbit will allow astronomers to make very long and uninterrupted observations. XMM’s new technology makes it much more sensitive than even NASA's recently launched Chandra X-ray Observatory (ref: ESA Space Science Department, NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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IKONOS |
IKONOS was launched on September 24, 1999 into a sun-synchronous, near-polar, circular low-Earth orbit. It is the world's first commercial, high-resolution imaging satellite that should collect one-meter resolution black-and-white images and four-meter resolution color images of the Earth (ref: Space Imaging News Releases of Sept. 24, 1999: NORAD data).
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19:11:1999 |
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Yohkoh |
Add to RedShift another satellite - Yohkoh, a Japanese space solar observatory (with NASA's participation). The objective of the mission launched onAugust 30, 1991 is to study hard and soft X-rays and energetic neutrons emitting by solar flares (Yohkoh means a "sunbeam" in Japanese). It was the only dedicated satellite studying the Sun during the last peak solar cycle activity (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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RXTE |
You have probably noticed on our Deep-Sky Update Page that many current discoveries of X-ray sources (and not only them!) are made with help of Rossi X-RayTiming Explorer (RXTE) satellite. RXTE was launched in January 1996 and operatesat an altitude of 580 km (which corresponds to the orbital period of about 90 minutes): the inclination of its orbital plane to the geoequator is of about 23 degrees. Surely, such a remarkable spacecraft deserves to be included to your RedShift catalog (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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TRACE |
Get a good example of sun-synchronous satellite (which precesses by about a degree each day to keep the same attitude relative to the Sun as the Earth travels around our luminary). This is the TRACE (Transitional Region and Coronal Explorer) satellite designed by an international team of scientists from the USA, the U.K., Sweden, and the Netherlands to study the three-dimensional magnetic structure of the solar photosphere. On April 2, 1998 NASA launched the satellite on 600x650 km orbit with an inclination of about 98 degrees. Check the behavior of such an useful orbit, it's really interesting (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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UARS |
NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) was launched on September 12, 1991. It studies the physics and chemistry of the upper atmosphere, long-term climate change. In order to have a larger field of view by the satellite's instruments, an unusual correcting maneuver is regularly performed for UARS. Every 36 days the spacecraft is rotated through 180 degrees, thus it can see the opposite hemisphere along its way. As a result, the coverage totals to a range of latitude 80 S- 80 N (ref: Goddard DAAC Help Desk: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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Chandra X-ray Observatory |
NASA's newest space telescope Chandra X-ray Observatory deployed by the crew of Columbia (STS-93) this July has to provide scientists with unique x-ray images of many mysterious objects in the Universe, to study the sources of enormous amount of energy being emitted from the nuclei of active galaxies, and may be to find... the "Dark Matter". Here the updated orbit of the Observatory is: it is already close to the final one, i.e., highly elliptical, at the maximum attitude of 87,000 miles (about one-third of the way to the Moon) (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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ROSAT |
The predecessor of Chandra was ROSAT, the Roentgen SATellite, a joint project between Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Launched on June 1, 1990 and turned off quite recently, on February 12, 1999, the mission yielded a lot of outstanding scientific results (more than 80,000 new X-ray sources were detected, the first All-Sky Survey at soft X-rays has been performed). Check the current orbit of that remarkable satellite which is really a "landmark" in the history of extra-terrestrial astronomy (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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Compton Gamma Ray Observatory |
The second NASA's great observatory flying in space now is the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory launched by the crew of Atlantis on April 5, 1991. The satellite carries four scientific instruments developed for studying the Universe in a wide band of electromagnetic spectrum. The sensitivity of all the instruments is at least anorder of magnitude better than that of any previous similar mission (ref: NORAD data).
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06:04:2000 |
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Hubble Space Telescope |
Add to your User's catalog the current orbit of Hubble Space Telescope, a 2.4-meter reflecting telescope that was deployed in Earth orbit from the space shuttle Discovery on 25 April 1990. Since that time the HST made and returned toEarth a giant stream of precise and unique measurements of stars and other objects of the Universe. This extra-atmospheric telescope has become a break-through and a milestone in history of astronomical observations (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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SNOE |
The Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE) is a small scientific satellite designed and built at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics of the University of Colorado. It was launched on February 26, 1998, and studies the density of nitric oxide in the Earth's upper atmosphere affected by the Sun and the magnetosphere (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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OKEAN-O |
On July 17, 1999 after 10 days' delay a Zenit-2 booster carrying Ukrainian-Russian remote sensing satellite OKEAN-O blasted off Kazakhstan's Baikonur cosmodrome. The delay was due to the ban lifted by Kazakh government on launches from Baikonur after a crush of Proton rocket in early July. OKEAN-O should carry out oceanographic study for one year, but unfortunately, the control of the satellite was failed soon after the launch (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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FUSE |
On June 24, 1999 NASA launched an ultraviolet telescope, the Far UltravioletSpectroscopic Explorer (FUSE), to a 480-mile-high orbit around the Earth. The goal of the mission is studying the abundance of heavy hydrogen in space that should say a lot about the very beginning of the Universe, just after the "BigBang" (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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QuikScat |
A new Earth weather satellite QuikScat is launched by NASA on June 20, 1999. The satellite is to provide the scientists with the unique data on the most destructive hurricanes, typhoons and cyclones storming over the Pacific and the Atlantic. Such global ocean phenomenon as El Nino/La Nina are of special interest (ref: NORAD data).
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01:04:2001 |
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MGS |
Mars Global Surveyor begins its primary mapping mission in March 1999 after about1.5 years' airbraking phase when its initial high-elliptical orbit around Mars has been gradually circularized. It has been a pioneering operation for control of a spacecraft at Mars. MGS will make a photographic map of the entire planet duringone full Martian year (687 Earth days) and study the planet's topography, magnetic field, mineral composition and atmosphere. The mapping orbit was designed so that Surveyor passes over a given part of Mars at the same local time each orbit. It's really worth to check it (ref: JPL solution).
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02:11:1999 |
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MIR |
Since August 28, 1999 when the crew left Russian space station MIR, it flew in autonomous mode. On March 23, 2001, after 15 years in orbit, 137 tonne Mir station crashed safely to Earth in a fiery plunge into the Pacific (ref.: NORAD data).
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01:01:2001 |
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Mars Observer |
Follow Mars Observer cruise from Earth to Mars and then to... somewhere. Nobody knows exactly what had happened with the spacecraft and why connection with MO has failed just few days before its getting to Mars in late summer 1993 (ref: JPL solution).
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02:11:1999 |
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Where can Mars Observer be now? |
Most likely the spacecraft passed by Mars and began "an independent life" on a heliocentric orbit. May be just you will be lucky to find it somehow!
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02:11:1999 |
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